Rosa Louise McCauley Parks

Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an  African-American civil rights Activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights", and "the mother of the freedom movement".

                                                                 

On December 1, 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks refused to obey bus driver James F. Blake's order that she give up her seat to make room for a white passenger. Parks' action was not the first of its kind to impact the civil rights issue. Others had taken similar steps, including Lizzie Jennings in 1854, Homer Plessy, in 1892, Sarah Louise Keys in 1955, and Claudette Colvin  on the same bus system nine months before Parks, but Parks' civil disobedience had the effect of sparking the  Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Parks' act of defiance became an important symbol of the modern Civil Rights Movement and Parks became an international icon of resistance to racial segregation. She organized and collaborated with civil rights leaders, including boycott leader Martin Luther King, Jr., helping to launch him to national prominence in the civil rights movement.

                                                               

At the time of her action, Parks was secretary of the Montgomery chapter of theNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and had recently attended the Highlander Folk School,  a Tennessee center for workers' rights and racial equality. Nonetheless, she took her action as a private citizen "tired of giving in". Although widely honored in later years for her action, she suffered for it, losing her job as a seamstress in a local department store. Eventually, she moved toDetroit, Michigan, where she found similar work. From 1965 to 1988 she served as secretary and receptionist to African-American U.S. Representative John Conyers. After retirement from this position, she wrote an autobiography and lived a largely private life in Detroit. In her final years she suffered fromdementia, and became involved in a lawsuit filed on her behalf against American hip-hop duo OutKast. 

Mayans

                                                                   

The earliest Mayans were probably nomadic hunters and gatherers

By 250 a.d. they had settled into communities

The people traded food, pottery and jewelry

The Mayans people were small the men were about five feet tall and women were around four feet tall

The Mayans used things from the forest to make rope and baskets

The main foods were beans, corn and squash

Mayans huts were made out of logs mud and palm leaves

The Mayans kept dogs as pets raised turkeys for food

The Mayans used a number system based on 20 they were the first to use zero

The Mayans believed in human sacrifice

The Mayans tried to be kind to every one

Around 800 AD, the Mayans abandoned there cites no one knows why this happened

Today many Mayans live in villages in central America

in 1992 Rigoberto menchu tum received the noble peace prize for bringing the Mayan people and the Guatemala government together.

Bermuda Triangle

Located in the Atlantic Ocean, the Bermuda Triangle falls between Bermuda, Puerto Rico and Florida.

The Bermuda Triangle has long been believed to be the site where a number of mysterious plane and boat incidents have occurred.

While it has become part of popular culture to link the Bermuda Triangle to paranormal activity, most investigations indicate bad weather and human error are the more likely culprits.

                                                           

Research has suggested that many original reports of strange incidents in the Bermuda Triangle were exaggerated and that the actual number of incidents in the area is similar to that of other parts of the ocean.

While its reputation may scare some people, the Bermuda Triangle is actually part of a regularly sailed shipping lane with cruise ships and other boats also frequently sailing through the area.

Aircraft are also common in the Bermuda Triangle with both private and commercial planes commonly flying through the air space.

Stories of unexplained disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle started to reach public awareness around 1950 and have been consistently reported since then.

Unverified supernatural explanations for Bermuda Triangle incidents have included references to UFO’s and even the mythical lost continent of Atlantis.

Other explanations have included magnetic anomalies, pirates, deliberate sinkings, hurricanes, gas deposits, rough weather, huge waves and human error.

Some famous reported incidents involving the Bermuda Triangle include:

The USS Cyclops and its crew of 309 that went missing after leaving Barbados in 1918.

The TBM Avenger bombers that went missing in 1945 during a training flight over the Atlantic.

A Douglas DC-3 aircraft containing 32 people that went missing in 1958, no trace of the aircraft was ever found.

சதுரகிரி மலைப்பயணம்

              

                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

 

                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

Vanchinathan

Vanchinathan (1886 – June 17, 1911), popularly known as Vanchi, was an Indian Tamil independence activist. He is best remembered for having shot dead Ashe, the Collector of Thirunelveli and having later committed suicide in order to evade arrest.

                                              

Personal life
Vanchinathan was born in 1886 in Shenkottai to Raghupathy Iyer and Rukmani Ammal. His actual name was Shankaran. He did his schooling in Shenkottai and graduated in M.A. from Moolam Thirunal Maharaja College in Thiruvananthapuram. Even while in college, he married Ponnammal and got into a lucrative Government job.

Freedom Movement
On June 17, 1911, Vanchi assassinated Ashe, the district collector of Tirunelveli, who was also known as Collector Dorai. He shot Ashe at point-blank range when Ashe's train had stopped at the Maniyachi station, en route to Madras. He committed suicide thereafter. The railway station has since been renamed Vanchi Maniyachi.

Vanchi was a close collaborator of Varahaneri Venkatesa Subrahmanya Iyer (normally shortened to V.V.S.Aiyar or Va.Ve.Su Iyer), another freedom fighter who sought arms to defeat the British. He trained Bharatha matha Association. Vanchinathan to execute the plan in all perfection. They belonged to Bharatha matha Association.

Chennai Book Fair

Chennai Book Fair or Madras Book Fair is an annual book fair organized in the Chennai, India by the Booksellers and Publishers Association of South India (BAPASI). The fair typically lasts for about 10 days during the New Year-Pongal season. The fair is usually held between the last week of December and the third week of January.

                                          

The Chennai Book Fair is one of the biggest book fairs in the country with almost all major publishers of India participating in it. The Chennai Book Fair is considered to be one of the biggest events in the Chennai cultural calendar along with the Chennai music season.

History
The 1st Madras Book Fair was organized in Madras between December 14 and December 24, 1977 by The Booksellers and Publishers Association of South India(BAPASI), an association with major publishing companies of Tamil Nadu especially Madras & South India. The 1st Madras Book Fair had 22 stalls and was held at the Madrasa-I-Azam school. The first six book fairs were successful mainly due to the efforts of K. V. Mathew of BI Publications who was responsible for the growth of the book fair in its early years.

The early editions were held in the last weeks of December and ended in the first week of January in order to coincide with the Christmas-New Year holidays. However, in the late nineties, the fair was moved to mid-January to coincide with the Pongal festive season.

Features
The Chennai Book Fair is considered to be one of the biggest events in the Chennai cultural calendar along with the Chennai music season. In addition to book stalls, there are food and refreshment stalls to serve the needs of hungry visitors. Regular debates, contests and speeches are held at the venue. In recent times, movie clippings of films of international renown are filmed at the venue of the fair. Annual awards to the best writer and the best publisher are given at the fair.

Veetrirundha Perumal Temple

Location: Thirumazhisai
Main Deity: Veetrirundha Perumal
Other Deities: Shenbagavalli

Thirumazhisai is a town in Thiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Thirumazhisai is on the way to Thiruvallur district.

                                                         

This temple of Maha Vishnu in a rare sitting posture tucked in a tiny hamlet in Tamil Nadu has attracted many devotees and fulfilled their wishes.

There are many important places of pilgrimage, or temples dedicated to Lord Vishnu or his incarnations, which attract a number of devotees all the year around. Sri Veethirundha Perumal Temple at Tirumazhisai is one such ancient attraction.

Others Temples in Thirumazhisai:

Thirumazhisai is a punniya sthalam and has a lot of temples. To list a few of the temples

1. Thirumazhisai Aazhwar temple: Also known as Jagannatha Perumal temple. One of the twelve Alvars of Vaishnavism was born in Thirumazhisai hence was called as Tirumazhisai-aazhvaar.

2. Othandeeswar temple: A shiva temple kai thanda pran [devotee who gave his hand]. It is told that this temple was built at this site as Lord Shiva showed himself here to the devotee (King Kulothunga Chola) who cut off his hand when he accidentally used his sword to cut the climbers on the Lingam to pave way